Re: [xml-dev] Schematron: Categories of Usage?

[George Cristian Bina <george@oxygenxml.com>]

Hi Roger,

"Author specified error messages"
I do not know if you can classify this as another usage or not but 
Schematron, unlike other schema languages, allows the author to write 
the error message, thus the errors can be reported at a higher level, 
not in terms of required elements, invalid content model, etc. The 
schema author can thus communicate with the user and explain the problem 
in an understandable way and eventually direct the user to correct that 
problem.

Regards,
George
---------------------------------------------------------------------
George Cristian Bina
<oXygen/> XML Editor, Schema Editor and XSLT Editor/Debugger
http://www.oxygenxml.com


Costello, Roger L. wrote:
> Excellent!  Thanks Bryan.
> 
> Bryan has identified another way that Schematron may be used for
> checking data in an XML instance document:
> 
> Algorithmic Checking: the validity of data in an XML instance document
> is determined not by mere examination or comparison of the data, but
> requires performing an algorithm on the data.
> 
> Here are the ways that Schematron is being used today:
> 
> 1. Co-constraint checking
> 2. Existence checking
> 3. Algorithmic checking
> 
> Any others?
> 
> /Roger
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: bryan rasmussen [mailto:rasmussen.bryan@gmail.com] 
> Sent: Monday, January 22, 2007 7:14 AM
> To: Costello, Roger L.
> Cc: xml-dev@lists.xml.org
> Subject: Re: [xml-dev] Schematron: Categories of Usage?
> 
> Algorithmic checking:
> 
> the following checks the algorithm of EAN Location numbers, after the
> algorithm found here
> http://www.ean.dk/EAN_Sys/helpdesk/faq/kntrlcif.htm#EAN%20Lokationsnumm
> er
> (sorry, it's in Danish):
> 
> <sch:rule context="*[@schemeID]">
>     <sch:report test="@schemeID='EAN' and string-length(.) != 13">
> WARNING: EAN numbers are 13 digits in length
> </sch:report>
> <sch:report test="@schemeID='EAN' and . != (. + 1) - 1">
> WARNING: EAN numbers are 13 digits in length</sch:report>
> <sch:report test="@schemeID='EAN' and substring(.,13,1)!=0 and ((((10
> - substring((substring(.,1,1) * 1 + substring(.,2,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,3,1) * 1 + substring(.,4,1) * 3) + (substring(.,5,1) * 1
> + substring(.,6,1) * 3) + (substring(.,7,1) * 1 + substring(.,8,1) *
> 3) + (substring(.,9,1) * 1 + substring(.,10,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,11,1) * 1 + substring(.,12,1) *
> 3),string-length((substring(.,1,1) * 1 + substring(.,2,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,3,1) * 1 + substring(.,4,1) * 3) + (substring(.,5,1) * 1
> + substring(.,6,1) * 3) + (substring(.,7,1) * 1 + substring(.,8,1) *
> 3) + (substring(.,9,1) * 1 + substring(.,10,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,11,1) * 1 + substring(.,12,1) * 3)),1)) +
> ((substring(.,1,1) * 1 + substring(.,2,1) * 3) + (substring(.,3,1) * 1
> + substring(.,4,1) * 3) + (substring(.,5,1) * 1 + substring(.,6,1) *
> 3) + (substring(.,7,1) * 1 + substring(.,8,1) * 3) + (substring(.,9,1)
> * 1 + substring(.,10,1) * 3) + (substring(.,11,1) * 1 +
> substring(.,12,1) * 3))) - ((substring(.,1,1) * 1 + substring(.,2,1) *
> 3) + (substring(.,3,1) * 1 + substring(.,4,1) * 3) + (substring(.,5,1)
> * 1 + substring(.,6,1) * 3) + (substring(.,7,1) * 1 + substring(.,8,1)
> * 3) + (substring(.,9,1) * 1 + substring(.,10,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,11,1) * 1 + substring(.,12,1) * 3))) != substring(.,13,1)
> )">
> there is an improperly formatted EAN number.
> 
> 
> </sch:report>
> <sch:report test="@schemeID='EAN' and substring(.,13,1) =0 and
> substring((substring(.,1,1) * 1 + substring(.,2,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,3,1) * 1 + substring(.,4,1) * 3) + (substring(.,5,1) * 1
> + substring(.,6,1) * 3) + (substring(.,7,1) * 1 + substring(.,8,1) *
> 3) + (substring(.,9,1) * 1 + substring(.,10,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,11,1) * 1 + substring(.,12,1) *
> 3),string-length((substring(.,1,1) * 1 + substring(.,2,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,3,1) * 1 + substring(.,4,1) * 3) + (substring(.,5,1) * 1
> + substring(.,6,1) * 3) + (substring(.,7,1) * 1 + substring(.,8,1) *
> 3) + (substring(.,9,1) * 1 + substring(.,10,1) * 3) +
> (substring(.,11,1) * 1 + substring(.,12,1) * 3)),1) != 0">
> there is an improperly formatted EAN number.
> </sch:report>
> 
> don't worry, verbosity isn't a concern in XML.  :)
> 
> The same principals can be used to implement a great number of
> algorithms where the boundaries of the problem are know, as in this
> case I know that this sequence is 13 characters in length, not less
> nor more.
> 
> Actually because of the way schematrons assert works one can do checks
> on sequences where the possible upper bound is known but not if the
> upper bound is actually reached.
> 
> I did a proof of this recently (generated the code of course, it took
> 86 assertions to implement the check), the requirement was that for a
> text string the space between each linefeed was no longer than 37
> characters, and there could not be more than 45 linefeeds.
> 
> The generated assertions were of course that the string-length of the
> string between line feed 1 and 2 was less than 38.
> the string-length of the string between line feed 2 and 3 was less
> than 38 and so forth.
> 
> If there were only two line feeds the other assertions did not return
> false due to wording.
> 
> It took 86 assertions because I split on if the ending line had to end
> with a line feed. Unfortunately my laptop burnt out (nothing to do
> with this example) and I hadn't backed it up because it was a sort of
> a fun experiment. Not for actual use.
> 
> This was in Schematron 1.5 not Iso, it would be a lot easier to write
> this stuff in ISO. Of course others out there could probably optimize
> the code, but it has been checking EAN numbers for a year and a half
> now and nobody has submitted an error yet. (fingers crossed)
> 
> Cheers,
> Bryan Rasmussen
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On 1/22/07, Costello, Roger L. <costello@mitre.org> wrote:
>> Hi Folks,
>>
>> I am putting together a list of ways that Schematron is being used.
> I
>> seek your help in ensuring that the list is complete. (I will post
> the
>> final list)
>>
>> Let me give an example to show what I mean by "ways that Schematron
> is
>> being used".
>>
>> Consider this simple XML instance document:
>>
>> <?xml version="1.0"?>
>> <Document>
>>      <Classification>unclassified</Classification>
>>      <Para>
>>           Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
>>           laoreet ac convallis dictumst
>>      </Para>
>>      <Classification>unclassified</Classification>
>> </Document>
>>
>> Schematron can be used to specify, "The Classification value at the
> top
>> and bottom of the document must match; the Para element must not
>> contain any restricted keywords."
>>
>> Thus, we see Schematron being used to express these two types of data
>> constraints:
>>
>> 1. Co-constraints: in the example the co-constraint is between the
> two
>> Classification values; namely, the two values must be identical.  In
>> general, co-constraints are constraints that exist between data
>> (element-to-element co-constraints, element-to-attribute,
>> attribute-attribute).  The co-constraints may be "within" an XML
>> document, or "across" XML documents.
>>
>> Schematron is very well-suited to expressing co-constraints.
>>
>> 2. Existence: in the example the existence constraint is that the
> Para
>> element must not contain any restricted keywords.  The keywords may
> be
>> obtained dynamically from another file. In general, existence
>> constraints are constraints on the presence or absence of data.  The
>> existence constraints may apply over the entire document, or to just
>> portions of the document.
>>
>> Schematron is very well-suited to expressing existence constraints.
>>
>> Categories of Schematron Usage
>>
>> Here are the ways that Schematron is being used today:
>>
>> 1. Co-constraint checking
>> 2. Existence checking
>>
>> Are you using Schematron in ways not represented by these two
>> categories?  I am particularly interested in identifying ways
>> Schematron is being used which cannot be expressed by other schema
>> languages - XML Schemas, Relax NG.
>>
>> /Roger
>>
>>
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