We can't put all these functions in the application. We are supposed to support Transport, Routing and Packaging. What you are suggesting is pushing Routing & Packaging into the application?!!! The application is just supposed to pass parameters and payload(s) to the MSH where the ebXML-MS headers are built, signed, encrypted and sent. The other end receives the message, parses the SOAP headers, performs Idempotency (RM), and then performs an IF: 1) if not the To Party then modify the packaging (Via, TraceHeaderList) and send to next-hop/end, 2) if the To Party, validate signatures/encryption and dispatch the payload(s) to the application based upon Service/Action. Look at figure 6-1. We do Header Parsing & Header Processing. We do RM. We also do Security Services. What I left out is Error Processing at each stage of the MSH. The IF in the above paragraph was introduced by multi-hop. If no multi-hop then do 2. Multi-hop does not appear in the figure (and let's NOT put it in). What you are suggesting reduces the MSH to just a message send & receive function. Why bother? You are suggesting a massive change in scope and functionality from the current specification. Regards, David Fischer Drummond Group.