Fixes for authn-context schema problems

This note describes rationale for the update to
authn-context files which will be published shortly
for vote on December 7.
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Recall that the AuthNContext schema is structured in
the following way: 
a
core set of elements are provided in
sstc-saml-schema-authn-context-2.0 
and
individual classes which then restrict these elements
in particular 
ways
(e.g., sstc-saml-schema-authn-context-pword-2.0.xsd).

The technical problem with this approach (reported by
Bryan 
Field-Elliott of
Ping Identity and researched by Scott C. and John K.)
is that each of 
the
individual classes have their own namespace distinct
from the parent
namespace. This makes use of type restriction
impossible in the manner 
used
by these schemas.

Unfortunately, a number of schema validators failed to
pick up this 
problem.
No, I am not going to name names but there is a
proposal that all 
future
schemas validate against a particular schema validator
(SQC).

An editorial meeting on December 6 discussed the
problem and accepted the following solution:

The authn-context schemas 
will be
factored into three parts:

(1) A set of utility types (no target namespace)
(2) sstc-saml-schema-authncontext-2.0 (core auth
context schema)
(3) Individual classes which would define/restrict
types found in (1).

The schema in (2) includes the utility schema. The
schemas in (3) 
"redefine"
the base types in the utility schema to turn them into
restricted 
versions
of themselves that correspond to the context classes.