Schemas are a specialized transformation, typically yielding a binary (valid/not valid) result and possibly a modified/annotated document.
Indeed. Which is why *my* Balisage paper is about schema-driven transformation: give me a suitably marked-up source and its schema and a target schema, and I'll transform that source to be valid against the target schema. Naturally, there are restrictions.
The subtitle is "Architectural Forms for the 21st Century".