But for people to communicate sufficiently such that computers can then in turn communicate and exchange data
to the extent that it means the same thing to the receiving computer as it meant to the sending one is quite novel IMHO.
Moreso the more complex the idea.
XML and Schemas, IMHO, have facilitated this ability vastly.
Before then, Standards which were far less flexable, far fewer, less expressive or far more error prone were used.